Numerous infectious organisms could cause brain abscess, amongst them the most often are anaerobes. Due to its structure, lack of vascular network and oxygen, abscess is difficult to treat with antibiotics that are otherwise first therapeutic option. Surgical drainage is used in encapsulated abscesses that would not heal or cause increase of intracranial pressure. Morbidity due to cerebral abscess is high, and there are severe neurological residua in the survived. In complicated case, when surgical treatment is not an option, HBOT is recommended, especially due to the fact that the causing bacteria are mainly anaerobic. HBOT lessens brain edema, has bactericidal effect, act synergistically with antibiotics and enhances defense mechanisms of organism.
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